the semantic relation between two events where one event accompanies the other event and further characterizes the other event in some way. Example: He got into the army by lying about his age is a figure–ground construal of the means relation in an adverbial clause construction, and He lied about his age and got into the army is a complex figure construal of the relation in a coordinate clause construction. In the figure–ground construal, the accompanying event is construed as the ground. (Section 15.3.1)