a strategy used in the stative complex predicate construction in which the manner (more generally, stative) component is expressed with a case marker just like an argument phrase, either in the basic lexical form or in a nominalized form of the stative concept word. Example: in Mordvin t'ejt'er-es mor-i mazi-ste 'The girls sings beautifully', mazi 'beautiful' takes the Elative oblique flag -ste. (Section 14.2)