a strategy for expressing a concessive conditional construction where the protasis, which specifies the set of conditions for the concessive conditional, quantifies over all the alternatives possible in the scalar model; the apodosis expresses that the outcome is the same under all conditions. Example: However much advice you give him, he does exactly what he wants to do uses the universal concessive conditional strategy: the protasis quantifies over all amounts of advice that you could give him, and the apodosis asserts that he does exactly what he wants to do under any of those conditions. (Section 17.3.3)