a concept that denotes an event (with its attendant participants, tense, aspect, modality, and polarity) that has a truth value in a particular context – that is, it may be true or false in that context. Example: in John believes that Mary took the car to the repair shop, Mary took the car to the repair shop is a proposition; it has a truth value in the context of John's beliefs. A pragmatic assertion expresses a proposition that is taken to be true in the speaker's beliefs. (Sections 11.1, 18.2.2)