provides additional information about the referent and enriches the specification of the referent for the hearer. Example: in a furry cat, the speaker enriches the specification of the referent in the cat category by the property of being furry. In the file metaphor for describing propositional acts, modification enriches the discourse file; the information it adds to the discourse file is secondary in comparison to predication. (Sections 1.3, 2.1)