Annotationsreport Backchannel
Inhaltsverzeichnis
| FEs | Anzahl annotierter FEs |
|---|---|
| AUFTRETENSORT | 5 |
| BEISPIEL | 1 |
| FREQUENZ | 6 |
| HÖRER | 10 |
| REALISIERUNGSART | 2 |
| SPRECHER | 1 |
| SUBTYP | 2 |
| WIRKUNG | 1 |
Aus dem englischsprachigen Raum übernommenes Synonym zu ‚Rezeptionssignal’; wird trotz eigentlich abweichender Morphologie (engl. Backchannel = wörtl.: Rückkanal) im selben Frame wie die LE ‚Rezeptionssignal’ erfasst. Der Begriff wurde entwickelt, um zu implizieren, dass während eines Gesprächs zwei Kommunikationskanäle gleichzeitig aktiv sind: der Kanal des Sprechers, der für den primären Sprachfluss zuständig ist und der Kanal des Hörers, der dazu dient, Rezeptionssignale an den Hörer zurückzusenden. Mittlerweile ist die Wortherkunft in den Hintergrund gerückt und der Begriff ‚Backchannel’ steht selbst als eine Art Toto pro Pars für die Bedeutung von ‚Rezeptionssignal’ und wird auch dementsprechend als ‚Rezeptionssignal’ oder ‚Rückmeldungssignal’ übersetzt.
Kurzdefinition: Ein Backchannel ist ein Hörersignal, das dem Sprecher einen Hinweis auf die aktuelle Rezeption der Sprecheräußerung gibt.
| Belegstellen & Annotationen | Quellen | Auffälligkeiten |
|---|---|---|
| Pitch contour and range as well as timing have also been shown to correlate with turn-final vs. turn-keeping utterances – and distinguishing the former from discourse boundaries – as well as [marking]Wirkung backchannels [in dialogue]Auftretensort (…). | Hirschberg : 532 | |
| They found that yeah agreements are associated with high falling contour, and [yeah]Beispiel backchannels with low falling or level contours. | Jurafsky 2004: 594 | |
| For example, backchannels or agreements might be very likely to follow statements. accepts or rejects might be more likely to follow requests, and so on. | Jurafsky 2004: 599 | |
| The findings reveal that backchannels [of several types]Subtyp [are displayed]Support [far more frequently]Frequenz [by Japanese listeners]Hörer. | Sheida 1989: 59 | Support-Verb |
| This result is consistent with Dittmann and Llewellyn's (I968) finding, which also demonstrated that [visual and auditory]Realisierungsart backchannels tend to occur at roughly the same points. | Sheida 1989: 59 f. | |
| To date, there have been no studies specifically designed to investigate the role of [verbal]Realisierungsart backchannels [in cross-cultural interactions]Auftretensort in English. | Sheida 1989: 60 | |
| [Japanese]Hörer [give]Support [significantly more]Frequenz backchannels [to one another]Sprecher than Americans do in intracultural interactions, with the exception of yeah. | Sheida 1989: 62 | Support-Verb |
| Backchannels are more frequent for the Japanese interacting with other Japanese partly because the favoring discourse environments that are relatively prevalent in conversation are more frequent for this group. | Sheida 1989: 63 | |
| Thus far we have observed that [Japanese]Hörer [use]Support [significantly more]Frequenz backchannels than Americans do when they engage in intracultural conversations, and that this higher frequency of backchanneling is constrained by several factors: (…). | Sheida 1989: 65 | Support-Verb |
| [Japanese listeners]Hörer surpass their American counterparts in [giving]Support backchannels [in all discourse environments that favor backchannels]Auftretensort, except two: so in turn-final and y'know in clause-final positions. | Sheida 1989: 65 | Support-Verb |
| (…) but that it is also that [Japanese]Hörer, as listeners, [use]Support higher numbers of backchannels [in those openings.]Auftretensort | Sheida 1989: 67 | Support-VerbTransparentes Nomen |
| The minimum number of backchannels [by a Japanese listener]Hörer was 41, as opposed to 10 for an American listener. | Sheida 1989: 67 | Transparentes Nomen |
| (…) [Americans]Hörer still [produce]Support considerably [fewer]Frequenz backchannels [in cross-cultural encounters]Auftretensort than Japanese (…). | Sheida 1989: 68 | Support-Verb |
| Given the findings of Tannen, Gumperz, and Erickson, and, further, given the hypothesis of Lebra and Mizutani, one would expect a positive relationship between [Japanese listeners']Hörer backchannels and American speakers' perception of lack of patience, attentiveness, comprehension, and interest. | Sheida 1989: 71 | |
| First, American speakers perceived Japanese listeners [who]Hörer [gave]Support [more]Frequenz backchannels than other Japanese as showing more signs of comprehension. | Sheida 1989: 71 | Support-Verb |
| [Japanese]Hörer [give]Support [significantly more]Frequenz backchannels [of several types]Subtyp than Americans do. | Sheida 1989: 73 | Supportverb |
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Annotationsreport|BackchannelEbene 2